{"id":114993,"date":"2026-09-11T15:09:16","date_gmt":"2026-09-11T13:09:16","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/nilu.gnist.dev\/publikasjoner\/removal-processes-of-the-stratospheric-so2-volcanic-plume-from-the-2015-calbuco-eruption\/"},"modified":"2026-09-11T15:09:16","modified_gmt":"2026-09-11T13:09:16","slug":"removal-processes-of-the-stratospheric-so2-volcanic-plume-from-the-2015-calbuco-eruption","status":"publish","type":"nva_publication","link":"https:\/\/nilu.gnist.dev\/en\/publications\/removal-processes-of-the-stratospheric-so2-volcanic-plume-from-the-2015-calbuco-eruption\/","title":{"rendered":"Removal Processes of the Stratospheric SO2 Volcanic Plume From the 2015 Calbuco Eruption"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Abstract We analyze the volcanic plume from the April 2015 Calbuco eruption over a 35\u2010day period using simulations from Meso\u2010NH, a non\u2010hydrostatic mesoscale atmospheric model. A dedicated parameterization of the deep injection of the plume into the stratosphere ensures a realistic representation when compared to Infrared Atmospheric Sounding Interferometer satellite observations. During the first 12\u00a0hr of the eruption, on 22 April 2015, SO 2 mixing ratio reached 29\u00a0ppmv between 15 and 18\u00a0km for the first eruption pulse, and 38\u00a0ppmv between 12 and 16\u00a0km for the second. Most SO 2 was injected directly into the stratosphere, with a stratospheric load reaching 308\u00a0ktS (kilotons of atomic sulfur, i.e. 616 kilotons of SO 2 ) after the eruption. After 1\u00a0month, both stratospheric and tropospheric SO 2 loads returned to near\u2010background levels. During analysis, the chemical conversion of SO 2 into H 2 SO 4 removed a part of SO 2 from the stratosphere. During the long\u2010range advection, the co\u2010location between the subtropical jet stream and the Calbuco plume led to three significant stratospheric intrusions on 24, 26 and 28 April 2015. These events transferred stratospheric SO 2 into the troposphere, SO 2 mixing ratios in the upper troposphere reaching 15 ppmv, 26 and 15\u00a0ppbv, respectively. SO 2 is gradually oxidized into H 2 SO 4 , with up to 5\u00a0ktS of gaseous H 2 SO 4 in the stratosphere on 30 April, but dynamical processes dominate the SO 2 atmospheric budget over chemical transformations. This study demonstrates that stratospheric intrusions can play a critical role in the removal of volcanic material from the stratosphere following a major eruption.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"template":"","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"_searchwp_excluded":"","_id":"","_status":"PUBLISHED","_sync_date":"2026-09-11 14:07:35","footnotes":""},"nva_tax_category":[1099],"class_list":["post-114993","nva_publication","type-nva_publication","status-publish","hentry","nva_tax_category-scientific-journal-publication"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/nilu.gnist.dev\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nva_publication\/114993","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/nilu.gnist.dev\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nva_publication"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/nilu.gnist.dev\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/nva_publication"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/nilu.gnist.dev\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nva_publication\/114993\/revisions"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/nilu.gnist.dev\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=114993"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"nva_tax_category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/nilu.gnist.dev\/en\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/nva_tax_category?post=114993"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}