Publikasjoner

Characterization of individual airborne particles in Taiyuan City, China.

Xie, R.K.; Seip, H.M.; Liu, L.; Zhang, D.S.

Characterization of German SF6 Emissions

Sulfur hexafluoride (SF6) is a highly potent greenhouse gas with a Global Warming Potential (GWP) of 24,700 over 100 years and is globally mainly used as an electrical insulator in switchgear. Several measurement networks have tracked SF6 for many years and their European data reveal significant emissions in southern Germany. This study focuses on German SF6 emissions (2020–2023), using atmospheric measurements from 22 European sites, offering high spatial and temporal resolution for robust emission assessments. While German UNFCCC inventory bottom-up emission estimates report a major source of SF6 through the disposal of soundproof windows, the spatial distribution of German SF6 emissions derived on top-down inversion techniques (InTEM and Flexinvert+) reveals a different picture: The continuous pattern of high emissions from a particular region is responsible for one-third of total SF6 emissions in Germany. Despite this, total German SF6 emissions have decreased from 112 ± 26 t in 2020 to 89 ± 15 t in 2023 (InTEM), with estimates from all methods (both bottom-up and top-down) showing similar trends. Our findings suggest that the emissions from soundproof windows are overestimated, while industrial sources - particularly from SF6 production and recycling in the focus region - are likely underestimated.

Characterization of exposure pathways to PBDEs and HBCD - comparing exposure estimates with biomonitoring. NILU F

Thomsen, C.; Haug, L.S.; Frøshaug, M.; Huber, S.; Schlabach, M.; Becher, G.

Introduction
Brominated flame retardants such as the polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and
hexabromocyclododecane (HBCD) are well known to be present in indoor air and dust and
contribute to human exposure. However, the influence of indoor contamination on human body
burdens is not fully understood. Some recent studies have suggested that for many individuals
indoor exposures may be comparable to or greater than the dietary intake. The aim of this study
was to characterize exposure pathways to PBDEs and HBCD and compare exposure estimates
with biomonitoring.
Materials and Methods
A study group of 41 female volunteers from the greater Oslo area, Norway was established.
Informed consent was obtained from all the participants and the project was approved by the
Regional Committee for Medical Research Ethics. Samples of house dust as well as indoor air
from the women¿s residences were collected between February and May 2008. The women also
donated serum samples and completed a questionnaire covering demographic information, life
style factors as well as dietary habits. PBDEs and HBCD were determined in all samples types.
Results and discussion
The sum of six tri- to hexa BDEs (BDE-28, 47, 99, 100, 153 and 154) in the women¿s serum
ranged from 0.67 to 30 ng/g lipids, while BDE-209 ranged from 0.46 to 11 ng/g lipids. Of these
PBDEs, only BDE-28 and 47 were found above LOQ in air, in concentrations ranging from
0.78-58 and 1.3-63 ng/m3, respectively. In addition BDE-66 and BDE-49/71 were occasionally
detected. In house dust, the sum 6 PBDEs ranged from 9.3 to 662 ng/g, while the sum of ¿, ß,
and ¿-HBCD ranged from 55-2808 ng/g. Individual PBDE congeners were well correlated
within each sample type. Significant correlations were also found between individual PBDE
concentrations in air and dust as well as between sum 6 PBDE in dust and sum 6 PBDE in
serum. Assuming an ingestion of house dust of 50 mg per day, the intake of sum 6 PBDE ranged
from 0.008 to 0.47 ng/kg bw/day (mean 0.064 ng/kg bw/day). The corresponding value for sum
HBCD was 0.039-2.2 ng/kg bw/day (mean 0.30 ng/kg bw/day). The intake from food has not
been assessed in this cohort yet, but ongoing multivariate regression analyses point to
statistically significant associations between serum concentrations of PBDEs and some variables
in the indoor environment as well as the diet. The dietary intake was estimated to range from
0.14-3.6 ng/kg bw/day (mean 1.1 ng/kg bw/day) for sum 7 PBDEs (sum 6 PBDE + BDE-183)
and 0.06-0.87 (mean 0.27 ng/kg bw/day) for sum HBCD in one of our previous studies on
persons exposed to background contaminated food in Norway. These preliminary findings
suggest that exposure from house dust is important with respect to body burdens of BFRs,
HBCD in particular.

Characterization of airborne particles in the Baroque hall of the National Library in Prague.

Ondraxkova, L.; Andelova, L.; Ondracek, J.; Smolik, J.; Grøntoft, T.; Lopez-Aparicio, S.; Stankiewicz, J.

Characterization and intercomparison of aerosol absorption photometers: result of two intercomparison workshops.

Müller, T.; Henzing, J. S.; de Leeuw, G.; Wiedensohler, A.; Alastuey, A.; Angelov, H.; Bizjak, M.; Collaud Coen, M.; Engström, J. E.; Gruening, C.; Hillamo, R.; Hoffer, A.; Imre, K.; Ivanow, P.; Jennings, G.; Sun, J. Y.; Kalivitis, N.; Karlsson, H.; Komppula, M.; Laj, P.; Li, S.-M.; Lunder, C.; Marinoni, A.; Martins dos Santos, S.; Moerman, M.; Nowak, A.; Ogren, J. A.; Petzold, A.; Pichon, J. M.; Rodriquez, S.; Sharma, S.; Sheridan, P. J.; Teinilä, K.; Tuch, T.; Viana, M.; Virkkula, A.; Weingartner, E.; Wilhelm, R.; Wang, Y.Q.

Characteristics of water-soluble inorganic chemical components in size-resolved airborne particulate matters - Sheffield, UK.

Xie, R.K.; Jackson, K.A.; Seip, H.M.; McLeod, C.W.; Wibetoe, G.; Schofield, M.J.; Anderson, D.; Hanssen, J.E.

Characteristics of atmospheric transport into the Arctic troposphere.

Stohl, A.

Characterisation of human exposure pathways to perfluorinated compounds - Comparing exposure estimates with biomarkers of exposure.

Haug, L.S.; Huber, S.; Becher, G.; Thompson, C.

Characterisation of cumulative risk of contaminants to organisms exposed to stormwater in Oslo, Norway

Characterisation and evaluation of the environmental risk of stormwater emissions from Oslo, Norway

Changing pathways- Potential changes of the transport and fate of pollutants to and within Arctic. NILU F

Heimstad, E.S.

Changes of forest health in Norwegian boreal forests during 15 years.

Aamlid, D.; Tørseth, K.; Venn, K.; Stuanes, A.O.; Solberg, S.; Hylen, G.; Christophersen, N.; Framstad, E.

Changes in the yield of microphytobenthic chlorophyll from nutrients: Considering denitrification.

Brito, A.C.; Newton, A.; Tett, P.; Fernandes, T.F.