Publikasjoner

The role of the tropical carbon balance in determining the large atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2023

Abstract. The global annual mean atmospheric CO2 growth rate in 2023 was one of the highest since records began in 1958, comparable to values recorded during previous major El Niño events. We do not fully understand this anomalous growth rate, although a recent study highlighted the role of boreal North American forest fires. We use a Bayesian inverse method to interpret global-scale atmospheric CO2 data from NASA's Orbiting Carbon Observatory (OCO-2). The resulting a posteriori CO2 flux estimates reveal that from 2022 to 2023, the biggest changes in CO2 fluxes of net biosphere exchange (NBE) – for which positive values denote a flux to the atmosphere – were over the land tropics. We find that the largest NBE increase is over eastern Brazil, with small increases over southern Africa and Southeast Asia. We also find significant increases over southeastern Australia, Alaska, and western Russia. A large NBE increase over boreal North America, due to fires, is driven by our a priori inventory, informed by independent data. The largest NBE reductions are over western Europe, the USA, and central Canada. Our NBE estimates are consistent with gross primary production estimates inferred from satellite observations of solar-induced fluorescence and from satellite observations of vegetation greenness. We find that warmer temperatures in 2023 explain most of the NBE change over eastern Brazil, with hydrological changes more important elsewhere across the tropics. Our results suggest that the ongoing environmental degradation of the Amazon is now playing a substantial role in increasing the global atmospheric CO2 growth rate.

The roles of gravity and planetary waves in a major stratospheric sudden warming characterised by an elevated stratopause. NILU F

Orsolini, Y.J.; Limpasuvan, V.; Kvissel, O.-K.; Stordal, F.; Richter, J.H.

The roles of planetary and gravity waves during a major stratospheric sudden warming as characterized in WACCM. NILU F

Limpasuvan, V.; Orsolini, Y.J.; Kvissel, O.-K.; Stordal, F.; Richter, J.

The safety of nanoparticles used in medical application. Development of alternative testing strategies for toxicity testing.

Dusinska, M.; NanoTEST consortium.

The SCCS guidance on the safety assessment of nanomaterials in cosmetics

The SCCS scientific advice on the safety of nanomaterials in cosmetics

The search for alternative aqueous film forming foams (AFFF) with a low environmental impact: physiological and transcriptomic effects of two Forafac® fluorosurfactants in turbot.

Hagenaars, A.; Meyer, I.J.; Herzke, D.; Pardo, B.G.; Martinez, P.; Pabon, M.; De Coen, W.; Knapen, D.

The seventeenth intercomparison of analytical methods within EMEP. EMEP/CCC

Hanssen, J.E.; Skjelmoen, J.E.

The significance of the North Atlantic Oscillation (NAO) for sea-salt episodes and acidification-related effects in Norwegian rivers.

Hindar, A.; Tørseth, K.; Henriksen, A.; Orsolini, Y.

The Snow-GLACE experiment.

Orsolini, Y.

The solar UV radiation level needed for cutaneous production of vitamin D3 in the face. A study conducted among subjects living at a high latitude (68° N).

Edvardsen, K.; Brustad, M.; Engelsen, O.; Aksnes, L.

The state-of-the-art in on-line CIMS measurements of organic trace gases in the Earth's atmosphere. NILU F

Wisthaler, A.

The strength in numbers: comprehensive characterization of house dust using complementary mass spectrometric techniques

Untargeted analysis of a composite house dust sample has been performed as part of a collaborative effort to evaluate the progress in the field of suspect and nontarget screening and build an extensive database of organic indoor environment contaminants. Twenty-one participants reported results that were curated by the organizers of the collaborative trial. In total, nearly 2350 compounds were identified (18%) or tentatively identified (25% at confidence level 2 and 58% at confidence level 3), making the collaborative trial a success. However, a relatively small share (37%) of all compounds were reported by more than one participant, which shows that there is plenty of room for improvement in the field of suspect and nontarget screening. An even a smaller share (5%) of the total number of compounds were detected using both liquid chromatography–mass spectrometry (LC-MS) and gas chromatography–mass spectrometry (GC-MS). Thus, the two MS techniques are highly complementary. Most of the compounds were detected using LC with electrospray ionization (ESI) MS and comprehensive 2D GC (GC×GC) with atmospheric pressure chemical ionization (APCI) and electron ionization (EI), respectively. Collectively, the three techniques accounted for more than 75% of the reported compounds. Glycols, pharmaceuticals, pesticides, and various biogenic compounds dominated among the compounds reported by LC-MS participants, while hydrocarbons, hydrocarbon derivatives, and chlorinated paraffins and chlorinated biphenyls were primarily reported by GC-MS participants. Plastics additives, flavor and fragrances, and personal care products were reported by both LC-MS and GC-MS participants. It was concluded that the use of multiple analytical techniques was required for a comprehensive characterization of house dust contaminants. Further, several recommendations are given for improved suspect and nontarget screening of house dust and other indoor environment samples, including the use of open-source data processing tools. One of the tools allowed provisional identification of almost 500 compounds that had not been reported by participants.